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The ''Four Freedoms'' is a series of four 1943 oil paintings by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The paintings—''Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want'', and ''Freedom from Fear''—are each approximately × ,〔Schick, p. 221.〕 and are now in the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The four freedoms refer to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's January 1941 Four Freedoms State of the Union address in which he identified essential human rights that should be universally protected.〔 The theme was incorporated into the Atlantic Charter, and became part of the charter of the United Nations.〔 The paintings were reproduced in ''The Saturday Evening Post'' over four consecutive weeks in 1943, alongside essays by prominent thinkers of the day. They became the highlight of a touring exhibition sponsored by ''The Post'' and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The exhibition and accompanying sales drives of war bonds raised over $132 million.〔 This series has been the cornerstone of retrospective art exhibits presenting the career of Rockwell,〔 who was the most widely known and popular commercial artist of the mid-20th century, but did not achieve critical acclaim.〔〔Collins, Welchman, Chandler, and Anfam, p. 115.〕 These are his best-known works,〔 and by some accounts became the most widely distributed paintings.〔 At one time they were commonly displayed in post offices, schools, clubs, railroad stations, and a variety of public and semi-public buildings.〔 Critical review of these images, like most of Rockwell's work, has not been entirely positive. Rockwell's idyllic and nostalgic approach to regionalism made him a popular illustrator but a lightly regarded fine artist during his lifetime,〔〔〔 a view still prevalent today. However, he has created an enduring niche in the social fabric with ''Freedom from Want'', emblematic of what is now known as the "Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving".〔 == Roosevelt's speech == Throughout his political career Roosevelt championed the cause of human rights.〔 In his annual State of the Union address to Congress of January 6, 1941, which was delivered at a time when Nazi Germany occupied much of Western Europe,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Four Freedoms )〕 he asked the American citizens to support war efforts in various ways. He stated his vision of a better future, founded upon four freedoms: "In the future days which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms,"〔 some traditional and some new ones: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. Roosevelt's January 6 State of the Union address became known as his "Four Freedoms Speech", due to its conclusion that described President's vision of worldwide extension of the American ideals of individual liberties summarized by these four freedoms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=President Franklin Roosevelt's Annual Message (Four Freedoms) to Congress (1941) )〕 To put it another way, FDR's speech was known for "identifying the objectives of the war and revealing his hopeful view of the postwar world."〔 The speech helped to awaken Congress and the nation to the dire war calling, articulate ideological aims of the necessary armed conflict and appeal to the universal American belief of freedom.〔 Domestically, the Four Freedoms were not something that Roosevelt was able to achieve through simple legislation, although they provided a theme for American military participation in the war.〔 Of the Four Freedoms, the only two described in the United States Constitution were freedom of speech and freedom of worship. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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